Pamene dziko limalimbikitsa mwamphamvu "zogulitsa zobiriwira" ndi ntchito monga cholinga cha chitukuko cha mafakitale, lingaliro la chitetezo cha chilengedwe cha carbon low-carbon pang'onopang'ono lakhala mutu waukulu wa anthu.Kuwonjezera pa kumvetsera mankhwalawo, ogula amaganiziranso kwambiri kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe cha ma CD.Ogula ochulukirachulukira amasankha mwadala zoyikapo zopepuka, zoyikapo zosawonongeka, zopangira zobwezerezedwanso ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo.M'tsogolomu, wobiriwirakuyikamalonda akuyembekezeka kupambana mbiri ya msika.
Njira yopangira "green packaging"
Kupakapaka kobiriwira kunachokera ku "Our Common Future" lofalitsidwa ndi United Nations Commission on Environment and Development ku 1987. Mu June 1992, United Nations Conference on Environment and Development inapereka "Rio Declaration on Environment and Development", "21 Agenda for the Century, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anayambitsa wobiriwira yoweyula padziko lonse ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe chilengedwe monga pachimake.Malingana ndi kumvetsa kwa anthu lingaliro la zobiriwira ma CD, chitukuko cha ma CD wobiriwira akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo atatu.
Mu gawo loyamba
kuyambira m'ma 1970 mpaka m'ma 1980s, "package zinyalala zobwezeretsanso" anati.Panthawi imeneyi, kusonkhanitsa pamodzi ndi chithandizo chochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kuchokera ku zinyalala zonyamula katundu ndiye njira yaikulu.Panthawiyi, lamulo loyambirira lomwe lidatulutsidwa linali United States '1973 Military Packaging Waste Disposal Standard, ndipo malamulo aku Denmark a 1984 adayang'ana pa kukonzanso kwa zida zoyikamo zakumwa.Mu 1996, China idalengezanso "Kutaya ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zinyalala".
Gawo lachiwiri ndi kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, Panthawiyi, dipatimenti yoteteza zachilengedwe ku US inapereka malingaliro atatu.
pakuyika zinyalala:
1. Chepetsani kulongedza momwe mungathere, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito mapaketi ocheperako kapena osatengera chilichonse
2. Yesani kukonzanso zinthuzotengera zonyamula.
3. Zida ndi zotengera zomwe sizingabwezeretsedwenso zigwiritse ntchito zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, maiko ambiri ku Ulaya apanganso malamulo awoake oyikapo, akugogomezera kuti opanga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mapaketi ayenera kulabadira kugwirizanitsa kwa ma CD ndi chilengedwe.
Gawo lachitatu ndi "LCA" chapakati mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990.LCA (Life Cycle Analysis), ndiye njira ya "life cycle analysis".Imatchedwa "kuyambira pachibelekero mpaka kumanda" ukadaulo wosanthula.Zimatengera njira yonse yolongedza katundu kuchokera ku zopangira zopangira mpaka kutaya zinyalala zomaliza monga chinthu chofufuzira, ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndikuyerekeza kuyesa momwe chilengedwe chimagwirira ntchito.Mkhalidwe wokwanira, mwadongosolo komanso wasayansi wa njirayi wayamikiridwa ndikuzindikiridwa ndi anthu, ndipo ilipo ngati gawo lofunikira mu ISO14000.
Mawonekedwe ndi malingaliro a ma CD obiriwira
Zopaka zobiriwira zimapereka mawonekedwe amtundu.Kupaka kwabwino kwazinthuimatha kuteteza mawonekedwe azinthu, kuzindikira mitundu mwachangu, kuwonetsa tanthauzo lamtundu, komanso kukulitsa chithunzi chamtundu
Makhalidwe atatu akuluakulu
1. Chitetezo: kapangidwe kake sikungawononge chitetezo cha anthu ogwiritsa ntchito komanso momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu kuyenera kuganizira za chitetezo cha anthu komanso chilengedwe.
2. Kupulumutsa mphamvu: yesani kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopulumutsa mphamvu kapena zogwiritsidwanso ntchito.
3. Ecology: Kapangidwe ka paketi ndi kusankha kwazinthu kumaganizira zachitetezo cha chilengedwe momwe kungathekere, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka mosavuta komanso zosavuta kuzibwezeretsanso.
Lingaliro la mapangidwe
1. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu ndi kuyang'anira mu mapangidwe obiriwira: Posankha zipangizo, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa kuyenera kuganiziridwa, ndiko kuti, kusankha zopanda poizoni, zosaipitsa, zosavuta kukonzanso, zogwiritsidwanso ntchito.
2. Kupaka katunduMapangidwe obwezeretsanso: Pa gawo loyambirira la kapangidwe kazonyamula katundu, kuthekera kobwezeretsanso ndi kukonzanso zinthu zopangira, mtengo wobwezeretsanso, njira zobwezeretsanso, komanso mawonekedwe obwezeretsanso ndi ukadaulo ziyenera kuganiziridwa, ndikuwunikanso zachuma pakubweza kuyenera kuchitidwa. kupanga zinyalala zichepe.
3. Kuwerengera mtengo kwa kapangidwe kazonyamula zobiriwira: Pagawo loyambirira lakapangidwe kazinthu, ntchito zake monga kukonzanso ndi kuzigwiritsanso ntchito ziyenera kuganiziridwa.Choncho, pofufuza ndalama, tisamangoganizira za ndalama zamkati za mapangidwe, kupanga ndi kugulitsa malonda, komanso kuganizira za ndalama zomwe zimakhudzidwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-12-2023